The sixth edition of the WHO (World Health Organization) semen analysis manual has been released 10 years after the previous edition and includes important updates. In this Perspective article, a comprehensive overview and discussion of the newly released WHO manual are provided. Limitations of routine semen analysis-based infertility assessment and potential solutions to improve male infertility work-up are also discussed.

Since calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) was identified as an androgen-receptor-regulated gene, important functional roles of CAMKK2 in prostate cancer progression have been shown in preclinical models. In this Perspective, the authors present evidence supporting an oncogenic role of CAMKK2, and also discuss mechanisms of regulation and emerging non-cell-autonomous roles of CAMKK2. Moreover, the potential use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target in prostate cancer is discussed.

In this Review, Russo and Giri describe and discuss germline testing criteria, genetic testing strategies, genetically informed screening, precision management, delivery of genetic counselling or alternative genetic services and special considerations for men with prostate cancer.

In this Review, the authors describe our current knowledge of the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the urogenital system, discussing urological symptoms and damage to organs of the genitourinary tract induced by COVID-19 infection. Moreover, the effects of COVID-19 on male fertility and sexual health are discussed.