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QUANTUM METROLOGY

Single-electron turnstile stirring quantized heat flow

Nature Nanotechnology volume 17, pages 225–226 (2022)Cite this article

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Tiny quantities of heat delivered on demand by discrete quantum excitations expand the horizon of quantum electrical metrology.

Fundamental metrology underwrites consistency of all scientific measurements. Since 2019, realizations of all SI units are traceable to the fixed values of select fundamental physical constants such as the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. The Josephson voltage standard and the quantum Hall resistance standard are the two most known and widely used metrological applications of solid-state macroscopic quantum phenomena. They exploit the phase coherence of the superconducting condensate and the topological edge conductance of a two-dimensional electron gas, respectively, to tie voltage to h/e and a frequency standard, and resistance to h/e2. Advances in nanoelectronics and, in particular, increasingly precise control of microscopic quantum tunnelling, have enabled single-electron-transport (SET) realizations of the new ampere1 that rival the accuracy of the primary standards in the limit of very low (below 0.1 nA) currents2,3.

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Fig. 1: Turnstile operation cycle for discrete power generation.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

    Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs

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  1. Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs
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Correspondence to Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs.

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Kashcheyevs, V. Single-electron turnstile stirring quantized heat flow. Nat. Nanotechnol. 17, 225–226 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-01069-x

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